Pharmacology and toxicology of mannitol

The drug is rarely (<10%) reabsorbed by renal tubules after glomerular filtration, so it can increase the osmotic concentration of renal tubules and reduce the reabsorption of water, Na +, Cl-, K +, Ca2 +, Mg2 + and other solutes by renal tubules. In the past, it was believed that this drug mainly acts on the proximal tubule, but after puncture animal experiments, it was found that after the application of large doses of mannitol, the water and Na + passing through the proximal tubule only increased by 10% ~ 20% and 4% ~ 5% respectively. However, the water and Na + reaching the distal tubule increased by 40% and 25% respectively, it suggests that water reabsorption and Na + reduction in Heinz loop play an important role in the diuretic effect of mannitol. This may be due to increased renal medullary blood flow and increased intramedullary urea and Na + loss, thereby disrupting the medullary osmotic pressure gradient. Due to the increase in tubular fluid flow after infusion of mannitol, when certain drugs and poisons are poisoned, the concentration of these substances in the renal tubules decreases, the toxicity to the kidneys decreases, and the excretion through the kidneys accelerates.

Choline chloride powder is an organic compound, belonging to the choline derivatives

As an important plant growth regulator and feed additive, choline chloride powder has been widely used in agriculture and aquaculture. This article introduces in detail the properties, uses, preparation methods, application effects and precautions of choline chloride powder. In practical applications, appropriate products and application methods should be selected according to needs and scenarios to give full play to their effectiveness. At the same time, pay attention to environmental protection requirements to ensure the sustainability of the production process.

GABA additives prepared from by-products of grain processing

In the mid-1990s, Japan's ORYZA Oil and Chemical Company developed a health food additive called GABA RICE GERM. Shortly thereafter, the Japanese Society of Food Science and Technology reported that the product was effective in improving insomnia, depression and menopausal syndrome. The multiple physiological effects of GABA were confirmed. And pointed out that the food rich in GABA is a kind of functional food. In our country. At present, the development and utilization of rice embryo is not enough. Rice germ, a by-product of rice processing, is nutritionally comprehensive, but it is difficult to separate. Therefore, many rice mills do not separate and use it as feed. In fact, the rich rice germ resources also have a lot to do, can be deeply processed into a variety of food or food ingredients. Rice germ is rich in protein, minerals and other nutrients, but also contains a certain amount of GABA, but the content is very low, even after separation, concentration is still difficult to achieve a higher content. However, it is used as a basic raw material to increase the GABA content through biotechnology methods and enhance the health function of the product. Improving the flavor of the product can greatly increase the added value of the rice germ and increase the efficiency of the production plant.

An important amino acid

L-tyrosine is a non-essential amino acid that the body cannot synthesize on its own and needs to be obtained through food intake or external supplementation. It plays a variety of important roles in the human body, especially in nerve conduction, melanin synthesis, immune regulation and so on. This article will introduce the properties, functions and applications of L-tyrosine in various fields in detail.

Guidelines for the use of water creatine

Proper use of hydrocreatine can help you build muscle strength, improve exercise performance and promote muscle recovery. In the process of use, please pay attention to choose the appropriate brand, follow the recommend dosage and use method, pay attention to the body's reaction and evaluate the effect. I hope this article can provide you with comprehensive information about water creatine to help you achieve better results in the fitness process.